Brickwork is known for its strength, durability, and timeless character, especially in homes and buildings across London. But like any part of a property, it’s not immune to wear and tear. Over time, exposure to the elements, shifting foundations, moisture, and poor maintenance can lead to a range of brickwork problems.
Spotting these issues early and taking the right steps to fix them can save you time, money, and prevent further structural damage. In this post, we’ll guide you through how to identify and repair the most common brickwork problems in both residential and commercial buildings.
1. Cracked Bricks
How to Identify:
Look out for visible cracks in individual bricks or running along the wall. These may appear vertical, horizontal, or step-shaped along mortar joints.
What It Means:
Cracked bricks can result from foundation movement, thermal expansion, water damage, or impact. If ignored, the damage can worsen and spread across the structure.
How to Repair:
- Minor cracks can be filled with a suitable brick filler or coloured mortar.
- Severe cracking may require removing and replacing the affected bricks.
- Investigate the root cause—if it’s due to foundation movement, professional assessment may be necessary.
2. Deteriorating Mortar Joints (Pointing Damage)
How to Identify:
Mortar that looks recessed, crumbling, powdery, or is missing altogether.
What It Means:
Mortar naturally degrades over time, especially when exposed to moisture and freezing temperatures. Damaged mortar leaves bricks vulnerable to water ingress and instability.
How to Repair:
- The best solution is repointing, where the old mortar is carefully raked out and replaced with new, breathable mortar—ideally lime mortar for older properties.
- Avoid using hard cement-based mortars on historic brickwork as they can cause more harm than good.
3. Spalling Bricks
How to Identify:
You’ll notice bricks flaking, chipping, or with pieces breaking off the surface. The brick face may look rough or pitted.
What It Means:
Spalling usually happens when water penetrates the brick and freezes, causing the surface to break apart. It can also be a result of using the wrong type of mortar or sealant.
How to Repair:
- Remove and replace any spalled bricks with matching replacements.
- Improve drainage or install protective features like drip edges to reduce water exposure.
4. Efflorescence
How to Identify:
White, chalky salt deposits on the brick surface—usually more visible in damp conditions.
What It Means:
Efflorescence is caused by water drawing salts from the bricks or mortar to the surface. While it’s not structurally harmful, it’s a sign of underlying moisture issues.
How to Repair:
- Brush off the salt deposits with a stiff, dry brush.
- Identify and fix the source of moisture—leaky gutters, poor drainage, or rising damp.
5. Bulging or Bowing Walls
How to Identify:
Walls that appear to bulge outward or inward, often with visible cracks or distortion.
What It Means:
This is a serious structural issue that could indicate failing wall ties, moisture damage, or weakened internal structures.
How to Repair:
- Don’t ignore it—consult a professional immediately.
- Repairs might involve structural reinforcement, wall tie replacement, and moisture control.
6. Loose or Missing Bricks
How to Identify:
Individual bricks that are visibly loose, missing, or move when pressed.
What It Means:
This could be due to deteriorating mortar, impact damage, or water erosion. Loose bricks weaken the wall’s overall strength and can fall out if left unchecked.
How to Repair:
- Carefully remove the loose bricks and repoint the area with fresh mortar.
- Replace missing bricks with ones that match in size, texture, and colour.
7. Staining and Discolouration
How to Identify:
Bricks may appear darker, greener (from algae), or stained with rust or soot.
What It Means:
Discolouration is usually caused by environmental exposure, poor ventilation, or metal elements rusting near the brickwork.
How to Repair:
- Clean affected areas with gentle masonry cleaning solutions—avoid harsh chemicals.
- Address the root cause—this may mean adjusting drainage, fixing roof leaks, or treating mould growth.
Preventing Brickwork Issues
While repairs are sometimes necessary, prevention is always better than cure. Here are some simple steps to keep your brickwork in great condition:
- Inspect regularly for signs of cracks, crumbling mortar, or stains.
- Clean gutters and downpipes to prevent water from saturating the brickwork.
- Maintain proper drainage around your property to avoid water buildup.
- Avoid using high-pressure washers, as they can damage brick surfaces and mortar joints.
- Use the right materials for repairs, especially lime mortar for period properties.
- Hire professionals who specialise in traditional brickwork for repointing and restoration work.
When to Call a Brickwork Specialist
If your property is older, listed, or built with traditional methods, it’s crucial to hire a specialist in brick restoration. Using the wrong materials or techniques—like modern cement mortar—can damage the brickwork and reduce the building’s longevity.
At Repointing Brick, we offer expert brickwork repairs, repointing, and restoration services across London. Whether you’re dealing with cracked bricks, worn-out pointing, or water damage, our team can help restore your property’s strength and character.
Final Thoughts
Brickwork is a major part of your home’s appearance and structural stability. By understanding how to identify common issues—and knowing when to act—you can preserve your property for years to come.
If you’re unsure about the condition of your brickwork or need professional repairs, don’t hesitate to get in touch with us. We’re here to help protect what matters most—your home.
